Timeline
1865-1951
Constantinople
1865-1882
Born in Üsküdar, attended initial education in Üsküdar, then private tutors and attended school in Varna as his father Said Pasha served there.
Paris
1882-1890
Moved to Paris to improve his French while working at the Paris embassy, attended the Saint-Cyr military academy, appointed as ADC to Sultan and commissioned to the Ertuğrul cavalry regiment. Appointed as military attaché to Brussels then Paris.
Constantinople
1890-1898
Recalled to Constantinople by Sultan, suspected of fostering liberal sentiments while in Paris, married princess Emine Halim, returned to military duties and climbed army ranks, entered into dispute over property with a member of the Sultans family, again suspected of association with liberal elements, sent into a dignified exile to Stockholm as Ottoman minister.
Stockholm
1898-1908
Served as Ottoman Minister in Stockholm, continued to build reputation amongst European diplomatic community, established contacts with opposition figures and funded them against the Sultan.
Constantinople
1908-1909
Returned to Constantinople via Paris after overthrow of Sultan joining the CUP but soon resigned and left for Paris.
Paris
1909-1914
Upon his arrival in Paris, he launched a campaign to overthrow the CUP becoming an their main opponent, launching a political party and numerous publications.